Dry Needling vs. Acupuncture: What's the Difference?

Dry needling and acupuncture both use thin, solid needles inserted into the skin. They look similar from the outside, so they're often confused. But they come from different backgrounds and are used with different reasoning.

Acupuncture

Background: originates from traditional Chinese medicine, where needles are placed at specific points along "meridians" thought to influence the flow of energy (qi).

Western medical acupuncture: many physiotherapists use a modern version based on anatomy and physiology rather than energy flow. Needles are thought to stimulate nerves, influence pain processing and promote the release of natural pain-relieving chemicals.

Commonly used for: chronic pain, such as back pain, neck pain and knee osteoarthritis, and headaches.

Dry needling

Background: based on Western anatomy and neuroscience.

How it works: needles are inserted directly into trigger points, tight, sensitive spots in muscles. This may cause a brief muscle twitch, followed by relaxation and reduced pain.

Commonly used for: muscle pain and tension, such as in the neck, shoulders, back and legs, and sports injuries.

What the evidence says

Both have been studied for various types of pain. The research suggests they may give short-term pain relief for some conditions, particularly when combined with exercise and other treatment. Results vary between people.

What it feels like

• Acupuncture: often a dull ache, tingling or heaviness around the needle
• Dry needling: sometimes a brief twitch or cramp in the muscle, followed by aching that may last a day or two

Safety

When performed by a trained practitioner using single-use sterile needles, both are generally safe. Possible side effects include:

• Soreness or bruising
• Feeling faint or tired
• Rarely, more serious complications, such as a punctured lung when needling around the chest

Tell your practitioner if you:

• Take blood thinners or have a bleeding disorder
• Are pregnant
• Have a fear of needles
• Have a weakened immune system or a pacemaker

How we use needling

We use needling only where it's appropriate, after an assessment and with your consent, and always alongside exercise and other treatments.