If you've been told you'll have joint mobilisation as part of your treatment, you might wonder what that means. It sounds technical, but it's one of the gentlest hands-on techniques physiotherapists use.
What it is
Joint mobilisation involves the physiotherapist moving a joint in specific directions with controlled, often rhythmic movements. The movements are usually small and gentle, and always within a range you can tolerate.
It's commonly used for:
- Stiff necks and backs
- Frozen or stiff shoulders
- Stiff knees, ankles or wrists, for example after a fracture or surgery
- Arthritis-related stiffness
What it aims to do
- Reduce pain, through effects on the nervous system
- Improve how far and how smoothly the joint moves
- Relax the muscles around the joint
- Make exercise easier and more comfortable
What happens in a session
- Assessment: your physiotherapist checks how the joint moves and which movements are stiff or painful.
- Positioning: you'll lie or sit comfortably, with the area supported.
- Mobilisation: the physiotherapist uses their hands to apply gentle pressure or movement to the joint, often in slow oscillations for 30 seconds to a couple of minutes at a time.
- Re-checking: they'll check whether your movement or pain has changed.
- Exercise: you'll usually be given exercises to keep the improvement going.
Grades of mobilisation
Physiotherapists use "grades" to describe how far and how firmly they move the joint. Gentle, small movements are used to calm pain. Larger, firmer movements towards the end of the joint's range are used for stiffness.
What it feels like
Most people find it comfortable, sometimes slightly uncomfortable but not painful. Tell your physiotherapist if it hurts so they can adjust.
Is it the same as "cracking"?
No. Mobilisation is slow and controlled. Manipulation, a quick thrust that may produce a "crack", is a different technique, used only when suitable and with your consent.
Who shouldn't have it
Mobilisation may be avoided or modified if you have osteoporosis, a recent fracture, joint infection, certain inflammatory conditions, or some types of joint instability. Your physiotherapist checks for these first.
This article is general advice and can't diagnose you. A physio can examine you and tell you what's right for your body, so message or call us if you're unsure.
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